How to find the water source for drilling a well and what instruments to use

A well is a minimal water project that has been in existence since ancient times, yet it is a special water project that involves multiple disciplines. Its characteristics, 1 is the universality of use. Whether it is a large amount of farmland irrigation, or a large number of small and medium-sized enterprises, most of them rely on wells to provide water, almost no units and individuals not related to the well; 2 is the hidden nature of the project. How the quality of the well is difficult to detect, once the quality of the problem can not be remedied; 3 is the high risk of investment. Drilling a dry eye is a large number of things, if not scientific, blindly drilling wells, most places fail more than success. Once there is no water, thousands of dollars to tens of thousands of dollars of investment will have been wasted. In this sense, the well is one of the highest risk, the most failed water conservancy projects; 4 is the complexity of technology. Generally believe that drilling a well is "drill a hole, down a tube", seemingly simple, the actual technical content is very high, involving hydrogeology, physical prospecting to find water, well technology, pump selection and other aspects of knowledge, is often not paid attention to, it is easy to fail more, poor quality, high risk problems. Although the learning of drilling wells to find water is very deep, but if the person has some scientific knowledge to reduce blindness, or a great benefit.

A. To study in detail the local hydrogeological conditions. If you do not understand the hydrogeology, do not study the hydrogeological conditions, but only believe in the instrumentation, measured points everywhere, can only be called "random measurement". The following three aspects can be investigated and studied.

1. Study the topography and geomorphology. Topographic and geomorphological conditions determine the groundwater recharge runoff drainage conditions, control the weathering of the rock, affecting the groundwater abundance changes. To build reservoirs to have a watershed area, drilling wells also need to have recharge area, the same reason. If the lithological conditions are the same, low-lying terrain or terrain conducive to water catchment is more likely to become a well. However, some small plains and depressions are often dominated by muddy rocks underneath, which can easily be weathered and denuded to form lowlands where groundwater is not good.

2. Study the water-richness of rocks. Rocks can be divided into igneous rocks, metamorphic rocks, sedimentary rocks according to the genesis of the three categories, and then subdivided very complex. Regardless of the genesis, when hit with a hammer, the feeling of some hair "burgundy" (rigid), some hair "sheep" (flexible), some hair "brittle" (brittle), brittle rocks and limestone, etc. Soluble rocks are more likely to form wells.

3. Study the fracture development of rocks. Fractures are more developed near the fracture zone. Inclined rocks are easier to develop fractures than horizontal rocks.

B. To choose the suitable local geological conditions of the physical prospecting water search method

At present, the main method of physical prospecting to find water is electrical exploration. Electrical prospecting methods are divided into artificial electric field method and since (natural) natural electric field method. There are many specific methods, commonly used are duplex electric survey method, high-density electric survey method, vertical electric sounding, four-pole symmetric profile method, joint profile method, excitation polarization method, etc., each method has its own applicable conditions and interference factors, must be selected according to local conditions. Our research institute has been engaged in water search research for many years, the more interfering factors there are in poor water areas, the use of our independent invention of PQWT Water Detector is very strong in distinguishing aquifers.

PQWT Research Institute, a professional institution engaged in the research of geological survey Water Detector equipment, and jointly with Harbin Institute of Technology to undertake the "National 13th Five-Year Water Special Research Project" PQWT new generation Water Detector has the characteristics of easy to carry, simple operation, automatic map formation, high accuracy, its equipment The equipment has obtained several invention patents and software copyrights.

Water Detector instrument used by the principle of electric detection method is divided into artificial electric field method and natural electric field method. Artificial electric field includes DC power supply, excitation, controlled source and other professional methods, these methods are mostly used in various large geological census projects, involving thousands of lines and points, but it is quite inconvenient to use, especially to carry the power supply device, often requires a lot of manual labor.

The natural electric field method has gradually matured after decades of research and application. It also requires people who are looking for water to have a lot of practical experience in the local environment, lithology, and has been well analysis in order to say white hair a hundred times.